In ancient times, humans could only use painting to record images intuitively, which took a long time and was also affected by the painter's level, preference, and tendency. With the invention of the camera, human society has entered the age of images. But people were not satisfied. They also wanted the photos to "move". It was not until 1880 when the French physiologist Marley invented the first camera that mankind finally realized the dream of recording images across time.

 

"Visual residue" is the underlying principle of video generation, discovered by the famous Belgian physicist Joseph Prado. Experiments have proven that the image retention time is generally 0.1-0.04 seconds. Playing consecutive pictures one by one at the same speed has become the fundamental condition for the production of video. According to the "visual residue" theory, the number of pictures per second is between 10 and 25, and the movie uses 24 pictures.

 

Now

 

●Currently commonly used techniques for mainstream video production:

 

1. Hand-drawn: In the earliest Disney animation, the animators drew 24 pictures per second. A total of nearly 100,000 pictures were connected to form a cartoon of about one hour. This workload is very amazing.

 

2. Stop motion animation: It is an animation that uses a widely used solid material and uses a camera to take photos and connect them together to form an animation.

 

3. With the development of computer technology, three-dimensional animation is currently booming.

 

4. Shooting, such as the production of movies, advertisements, and promotional videos.

 

●Common techniques for film and television shooting and post-production:

 

How is bullet time done? Movies are 24 frames per second. For example, if Bullet Time is shot for 2 seconds, 48 identical cameras will be arranged in a moving trajectory, and then a timing device will be used to control the 48 machines to shoot one after another at intervals of about 0.04 seconds.

 

We often see behind-the-scenes footage of these movies, where the actors perform in front of a green cloth with some white dots, imagining some non-existent script content. Much like the magic wand in PS, when the background color is clearly different from the main color, you can directly select the background to make modifications. After shooting the footage, the green cloth is removed through post-processing software, and then some necessary backgrounds are synthesized. The white point is mainly used to track the movement of the camera. Three non-parallel points can form a plane, so that the movement of the camera can be accurately tracked in reverse.

 

Both blue and green cloths are used in China, but only green cloth is used in foreign countries. The reason is that some foreigners' eyes are blue and will be gouged out. It takes a lot of time and energy to build the scene, arrange the actors, etc. If it doesn't work once, you have to do it again, which costs a lot in terms of cost. The keying method is easy to modify in the later stage, which greatly saves pre-production funds.

 

After the emergence of movies, videos gradually moved towards the audience's homes, thus giving birth to the television industry. After the production of television signals in various countries, a technical standard for processing video and audio signals implemented by television stations and televisions is called a format. The earliest was the NTSC system developed by the United States in 1952, referred to as the N system. In 1956, France proposed a new television system, SECAM. In 1962, the former Germany proposed the PAL system. After the founding of New China, due to various political factors at the time, China neither wanted to follow the capitalist line of the United States (NTSC) nor be like the Soviet Union (SECAM), so it adopted the PAL system. These three systems currently exist in the world.

 

On this standard map, the United States and Japan are both in the N system, and China and the United Kingdom are in the PAL system. Since Hong Kong was a former British colony, it is naturally also in the PAL system. After the return, it will be much more convenient in this regard, otherwise it will cost a lot of manpower. Material resources are needed to replace equipment, which is also the main reason why the standards cannot be unified. When we buy electronic products, they are usually American, Japanese or Hong Kong versions, so the ones we come into contact with the most are N and P. The N system uses 30 frames/second, which is an approximate number, to be precise, 29.97 frames/second; while the PAL system uses 25 frames/second.

 

The earliest resolution was standard definition (720*576), and currently anything below 720P is collectively called standard definition. Generally include: 720*576, 720*405, 1024*720, 1024*576...

 

FullHD means full high definition (1920*1080), which is the basic direction of current new TVs. Generally includes: 720P small high-definition (1280*720), 1440*810...

 

The earliest TV screen ratio was 4:3, because the pupil aspect ratio of human eyes is close to 4:3, which fully meets visual needs. 16:9 is slightly beyond the range of human vision and produces visual stimulation. It is the general direction of development and will gradually replace 4:3. The movie ratio is generally based on the needs of the film. It used to be 16:9, but sizes close to 2:1 or even 3:1 have gradually appeared.

 

future

 

With the release of "Avatar", 3D movies have become popular. In fact, many 3D film and television works have appeared a long time ago, and most of them are mainly to showcase this new technology. It has never been applied to the professional film and television industry because 3D still has many unresolved issues.

 

3D schematics and 3D glasses

 

1. Some people with myopia have to buy contact lenses in order to watch 3D movies. This problem is now on the way to being solved. Nintendo's next-generation handheld console 3DS will be launched next year, and naked-eye 3D can already be solved.

 

2. Resolution limitations make it difficult to reach high definition. Currently, Sony is also developing 3D TV games, but none of the current games can reach high definition. I believe this can be solved with the advancement of technology.

 

3. Resources are scarce. The current chaotic market is flooded with a large number of 3D TVs, but how many 3D movies are we exposed to? How many of the 3D movies we are exposed to are real 3D movies? So far there are only: "Avatar" and "How to Train Your Dragon". Some 3D cartoons such as "How to Train Your Dragon" are basically completed in post-production, but "Avatar" is much more difficult. So which ones are fake 3D? "Clash of the Gods" and "Alice in Wonderland" are just that.

 

●What is the difference between true and false:

 

True 3D movies use professional cameras from the moment they are shot, allowing the audience to experience a more realistic 3D effect. Fake 3D movies use post-processing technology to convert the original flat screen into a 3D perspective, generally showing a 3D sense of space. However, if you look closely, the picture is still a film. shape.

 

The following is the process of 3D processing using colleagues’ photos. Thanks to three colleagues^^

 

Here we use 3D Glasses, a built-in plug-in of AE (other software copies 2 layers, removes the red channel in one layer, removes the blue channel in one layer, and then misaligns the blend to get the 3D effect). After adjusting the parameters: you can get the above 3D picture Photos, if you are interested, you may want to try using your own photos~

 

Ring screens are currently used in many technologies, mainly to give people an immersive feeling. At the World Expo, there are many pavilions using ring screen technology. In the early stage, the equipment used was to set up six to nine cameras on professional shooting equipment to shoot simultaneously. After a complex production process, a circular film was finally formed. The broadcast venue required six projectors to project the film on the circular curtain, and the surround sound effect was very shocking.

 

Interactive technology is mainly used in 4D movies and games. All the images in science fiction movies have now been realized; there are also some 4D theaters that, in addition to the traditional 3D visual shock, also carefully designed smoke according to the plot of the movie. , rain, photoelectric, bubbles, smells, scenery, character performances and other effects. Compared with traditional 3D movies, audiences can also experience all-round sensations such as touch and smell in addition to vision and hearing when watching 4D movies. At present, 4D movie sources are even rarer, the audience's choice is limited, and no official commercial 4D movie has been found.

 

Nintendo was the first to develop an interactive game console, the WII, and was also the first to develop a 3D game console. However, due to resolution issues, many players also want a more shocking experience, which limits Nintendo's development. Sony PS3 and Microsoft XBOX360 are both high-definition game consoles. Sony basically copied the WII's motion sensing technology and is also developing 3D games. Microsoft's motion sensing device Kinect, which has just been launched, is also very high-end and does not require any control equipment. It is completely user-friendly. The body controls the game.